What makes a password weak
- It's been leaked. Attackers start with lists of real passwords from past breaches. If yours is on one, its complexity doesn't matter.
- It's short. Every character you add multiplies the number of guesses needed. Under 12 characters is within reach of modern cracking hardware.
- It follows a pattern. A capital first letter, a word, a year and an exclamation mark at the end is the most common pattern there is.
- It's personal. Names, pets, teams, birthdays and your city are easy to find online and easy to guess.
- It's reused. One breached site exposes every account that shares the password.
How to read your result
The meter has five levels, from Very weak to Strong. The crack time assumes an offline attack, where criminals have stolen a site's password database and test 10 billion guesses per second against it. That's the realistic worst case, and it's why length matters so much.
Aim for Strong with a crack time measured in centuries, and a password that isn't in any known breach.
Frequently asked questions
Is it safe to type my password into this checker?
Yes. The strength test runs entirely in your browser and your password is never stored. The breach check uses a privacy technique called k-anonymity: your browser turns the password into a SHA-1 hash and sends only the first 5 characters of that hash to Have I Been Pwned, which returns hundreds of possible matches. Your browser compares them locally, so neither we nor Have I Been Pwned ever see your password. You can also turn the breach check off.
How is password strength calculated?
We use zxcvbn, the open-source estimator created at Dropbox. Instead of just counting character types, it looks for what attackers actually try: common passwords, dictionary words, names, dates, keyboard patterns like qwerty, repeats and swaps like @ for a. It estimates how many guesses each piece would take, and we convert that into the time an attacker making 10 billion guesses per second would need.
What does "found in a data breach" mean?
Your exact password appears in Have I Been Pwned's collection of over a billion real passwords exposed in past breaches. It doesn't necessarily mean your account was hacked, since someone else may have used the same password. But attackers load these lists first, so a leaked password can be guessed almost instantly, no matter how complex it looks.
My password was found in a breach. What should I do?
Stop using it. Change it on every account where you've used it, starting with email, banking and work accounts. Use a unique, randomly generated password for each one, store them in a password manager, and turn on multi-factor authentication.
Why does my password with symbols score as weak?
Symbols don't help much when the rest of the password is predictable. Password1! and Summer2024$ follow patterns attackers know well. Length and randomness matter far more. Four or five random words beat a short password full of symbols.
What makes a password strong?
Length, randomness and uniqueness. Aim for at least 15 characters or four random words, avoid anything personal or common, and never reuse it on another site.
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